±³È¸ °ð ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸öÀº ¿µ¿ø ÀüºÎÅÍ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸¶À½ ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â °¥¸ÁÀÔ´Ï´Ù(¿¦1:4-5, 9, 3:9-11). ¼º°æÀº ¿¹¼ö´ÔÀÌ ¹Ý¼® À§¿¡ ¼¼¿ì½Ã°Ú´Ù°í °ø¾ðÇϽŠ±³È¸¸¦ '¸¸¹°À» Ã游ÄÉ ÇϽô ÀÚ(°ð ¿¹¼ö´Ô ÀÚ½Å)ÀÇ Ã游'À̶ó°í Á¤ÀÇÇÕ´Ï´Ù(¿¦1:23). Áï ±³È¸´Â '°Åµì³ »ç¶÷µé'°ú '±×µé ¼Ó¿¡ Ã游ÇϽŠ±×¸®½ºµµ'¶ó´Â µÎ ±¸¼º ¿ä¼Ò·Î ÀÌ·ïÁø À¯±âüÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¸öÀ̱⵵ ÇÑ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±³È¸´Â ¿Â ¿ìÁÖ°¡¿îµ¥ ´Ü Çϳª »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù(¸¶16;18, ¿¦4:4). ±×·±µ¥ ´Ü º¹¼ö °³³äÀÌ ¸íÈ®ÇÑ Çï¶ó¾î·Î ¾²ÀÎ ½Å¾à ¼º°æÀº ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ¸î ±ºµ¥¿¡¼ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ´Ü¼ö ±³È¸ ¿Ü¿¡ '±³È¸µé'À̶ó´Â º¹¼ö Ç¥ÇöÀ» ¾²°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù(°è1:11, °¥1:2, Çà15:41, °íÀü11:16, 16;19, °íÈÄ8:1, 18, 23, 11:28).
±×·¸´Ù¸é '±³È¸'°¡ '±³È¸µé'(º¹¼ö)ÀÌ µÇ´Â, Áï ±³È¸¿Í ±³È¸¸¦ ³ª´©´Â ¼º°æÀûÀÎ ±âÁØ°ú ¿øÄ¢Àº °ú¿¬ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡ ÇÏ´Â Àǹ®ÀÌ Á¦±âµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
ÇöÀç´Â '°¢ ±³È¸¿¡¼ Àå·ÎµéÀ» ÅÃÇÏ¿©'(Çà14:23) ¶ó´Â ¸»¾¸°ú '°¢ ¼º(city)¸¶´Ù Àå·Î¸¦ ¼¼¿ì¶ó'(µó1:5)´Â ¸»¾¸À» ÇÔ²² ³õ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, Àå·Î¸¦ ¼¼¿ì´Â ¹üÀ§°¡ '±³È¸=µµ½Ã'ÀÓÀ¸·Î °³°³ÀÇ 'Áö¿ª ±³È¸'(local church)ÀÇ ¼º°æÀûÀÎ ¹üÀ§´Â ½Ã (Áö¹æ) ´ÜÀ§ÀÌ´Ù ¶ó´Â °ßÇØ°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¼ö ¸¸¸íÀÇ ¼ºµµµéÀ» °¡Áø ¿¹·ç»ì·½À̶ó´Â ÇÑ µµ½Ã ¾È¿¡ ±× ´ç½Ã ¼¿¼ö ¾ø´Â '°¡Á¤ ¸ðÀÓµé' ÀÌ ÀÖ¾úÀ½¿¡µµ ¼º·ÉÀº '¿¹·ç»ì·½¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸'(the church at Jerusalem)(Çà8:1)¶ó°í ´Ü ÇϳªÀÇ ´Ü¼ö ±³È¸·Î ¸»¾¸ÇϽŠ°ÍÀ» Ãß°¡ ±Ù°Å·Î °¡Áý´Ï´Ù. Áï °¡Á¤´ÜÀ§´Â µ¶¸³µÈ ±³È¸ ´ÜÀ§°¡ µÉ ¼ö ¾ø°í ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇÑ µµ½Ã¿¡´Â ±× µµ½Ã ¾È¿¡ °Åµì³ ¸ðµç ¼ºµµµéÀ» ´Ù Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ Áö¿ª±³È¸°¡ ÀÖÀ» »ÓÀ̶ó°í º¸´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿öÄ¡¸¸ ´Ï µîÀÌ ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â ¼ÒÀ§ 'Áö¹æ±³È¸' °³³äÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼º°æ¿¡´Â ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ³× °÷¿¡¼ 'Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸'¸¦ ¸»ÇÔÀ¸·Î 'ÇÑ Áö¹æ±³È¸ ³»¿¡ ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ °¡Á¤±³È¸µé(house churches)ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù'´Â ÀÌ°ßÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½Å¾à ±³È¸ Ãʱ⿡ ¿¹¹è´çÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ °¢ °¡Á¤Áý¿¡¼ ÁÖ·Î ¸ðÀÎ °ÍÀº °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼º°æÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× °¡Á¤ ¸ðÀÓ Çϳª Çϳª¸¦ '±³È¸'·Î º¼ °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ´Â ³í¶õÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ½ÉÁö¾î ¿À´Ã ³¯¿¡µµ ¼ÒÀ§ °¡Á¤ ±³È¸ ¿îµ¿À» ÇϽô ºÐµé ¿Ü¿¡´Â °³°³ÀÇ ±¸¿ª ¸ðÀÓ(¶Ç´Â ¼Ó ¸ðÀÓ)À» µ¶¸³µÈ ±³È¸µé·Î º¸Áö´Â ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ë¼¼ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ¹è°æ ¼Ó¿¡¼ ÀÚ·áÁ¤¸® Â÷¿ø¿¡¼ ¿öÄ¡¸¸ ´Ï¿Í °üÁ¡À» °°ÀÌ ÇÏ´Â ÇÑ ½ÅÇÐÀÚÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ» ÀÎ¿ë ¼Ò°³ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ´Ü¶ôÀº Roger W. GehringÀÇ 'House Church and Mission' ¿µ¹®ÆÇ(2004³â) 25ÂÊ¿¡¼ ÀοëÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
"Gielen is convinced that the expression! 'Çì Ä«Åä ¿ÀÀÌÄÜ ¿¡Å¬·¹½Ã¾Æ' refers to local churches, that is, to the whole church at that location or in that town and so all passages that are held by other scholars to refer to so-called house churches refer in reality only to houses.(136) They would thus not be house churches in the full sense but merely household fellowship groups. The findings of her exegetical examination do not indicate in any way that house churches existed separate or along side the local church in any given city."(137)
"°ÔÀÌ·±Àº 'Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸'¶ó´Â Ç¥Çö(·Î¸¶¼16:5, °íÀü16:19, ¸ó1-2, °ñ4:15 -¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ)Àº Áö¹æ ±³È¸, Áï ±× Áö¹æÀ̳ª ±× À¾¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Àüü ±³È¸¸¦ °¡¸®Å°¸ç ¼ÒÀ§ °¡Á¤ ±³È¸µéÀ» °¡¸®Å²´Ù°í ´Ù¸¥ ½ÅÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ÀοëÇÏ´Â ´Ü¶ôµéÀº »ç½ÇÀº ´ÜÁö °¡Á¤µéÀ» °¡¸®Å³ »ÓÀ̶ó°í È®½ÅÇÑ´Ù. ±×·± °¡Á¤µéÀº ¿ÂÀüÇÑ Àǹ̿¡¼ °¡Á¤ ±³È¸ÀÏ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç ´ÜÁö °¡Á¤ ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ ±³Á¦ ±×·ìÀÏ »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ±×³à(°ÔÀÌ·±)ÀÇ Çؼ®Àû °üÂû¿¡ ÀÇÇÏ¸é °¡Á¤ ±³È¸µéÀº ±× ÇØ´ç µµ½Ã¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Áö¹æ ±³È¸¿Í ºÐ¸®Çϰųª ¶Ç´Â º´ÇàÇؼ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù."
136 E.g., Acts 2:46, 12;12-14, 16:15, 18:2-4, 20:8-10, 20, 21:8, 1Cor 11:17-19
137 Gielen, "Zur Interpretation," 118. In agreement with her on all point is Schollgen, "Hausgemeinde," 74-90, here 78-79, 89