Áö³ Åä·Ð Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå °ü½É»ç Áß Çϳª´Â <°ú¿¬ ·Î¸¶½Ã¿¡ µÎ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ Áö¿ª±³È¸°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Â°¡> ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ºúÁøÀÚ´Ô°ú Ȧ¸®Á¶ÀÌ´ÔÀº ·Î¸¶¼ 16:5À» ±Ù°Å·Î ¾ÆÄþ¶ó, ÇÁ¸®½ºÅ³¶ó ºÎºÎ Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸Çϳª ±× Áý ±³È¸ ¿ÜÀÇ ·Î¸¶¼ ¼ö½ÅÀο¡ ÇØ´çµÇ´Â ±³È¸ Çϳª°¡ ÀÖÀ½À¸·Î ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ µÎ°³ÀÇ ±³È¸°¡ ·Î¸¶½Ã¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇØ ¿À¼Ì½À´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌ·± ÁÖÀåÀÇ ¿äÁö´Â ±×·¯¹Ç·Î <ÇÑ Áö¿ª¿¡ ÇÑ ±³È¸>¶ó´Â ÁÖÀåÀº ÀÏ°üµÈ ¿øÄ¢ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á¦°¡ ´äº¯À» À¯º¸ÇØ ¿ÔÀ¸³ª ÀÌ ±Û¿¡¼ ÀúÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ» ¹àÈ÷·Á°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. °á·ÐºÎÅÍ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù¸é <µÎ ºÐÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀº ´ÙÅùÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÇϳªÀÇ °¡¼³¿¡ ºÒ°úÇÒ »Ó> ¸íÈ®ÇÑ ¼º°æÀÇ ±Ù°Å°¡ ¾Æ´ÔÀ¸·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̱⠾î·Æ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
»ç½Ç ÀÌ ÁÖÁ¦´Â ½ÅÇÐÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡, ¶Ç ¿öÄ¡¸¸´Ï¿Í ±×ÀÇ ¹Ý´ëÀÚµé »çÀÌ¿¡ ÁøÀÛºÎÅÍ ÀïÁ¡ÀÌ µÇ¾î ¿Â ÁÖÁ¦À̸ç ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¹Àº ÀÚ·áµéÀÌ ÃàÀûµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Àú´Â ¸®¼Ä¡¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ ÃÊÁ¡ ¸ÂÃá 6ÂÊ ¹Ý ºÐ·®ÀÇ ¿µ¹® ÀڷḦ È®º¸ÇßÀ¸³ª ÀÌ°÷¿¡¼´Â ÇÙ½É ³»¿ë¸¸ ¹ø¿ªÇؼ Á¦½ÃÇÏ°í ÀúÀÇ °üÁ¡À» Á»´õ Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â ½ÄÀ¸·Î ¹Ý¹Ú ³»Áö´Â ÇظíÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
1. ºúÁøÀÚ ´Ô°ú Ȧ¸®Á¶ÀÌ ´Ô ÁÖÀå
(ºúÁøÀÚ´Ô)
·Î¸¶ ±³È¸¿¡ ¾´ ÆíÁö¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¾ÆÄþ¶ó,ÇÁ¸®½ºÅ³¶ó ºÎºÎ Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸°¡ µîÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ...±×·±µ¥ ¹®Á¦´Â Áö±Ý ÀÌ ºÎºÎ´Â ·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì °¡Á¤±³È¸¸¦ °³Ã´ÇØ ³õÀº »óÅÂÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¹Ù¿ïÀº ·Î¸¶±³È¸¸¦ ÇâÇÏ¿© ±×µé ºÎºÎ Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸¿¡ ¹®¾ÈÇ϶ó°í ¸»ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.±×·¸´Ù¸é ÀÌ¹Ì ·Î¸¶½Ã ¾È¿¡´Â Àû¾îµµ 2°³ ÀÌ»ó ±³È¸µéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù´Â ¾Ö±âÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Çϳª´Â ¾ÆÄþ¶óºÎºÎ Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸°í, ¶Ç Çϳª´Â ±× ¿ÜÀÇ ·Î¸¶ ¼ºµµµéÀÌ ¸ö´ã°í ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸(ȤÀº ±³È¸µé)ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ¹Ù¿ïÀº <·Î¸¶¼ºµµµé>¿¡°Ô <¾ÆÄþ¶ó Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸>¿¡ ÀλçÇ϶ó°í ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. Áï, <¾ÆÄþ¶ó Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸>´Â <·Î¸¶¼>ÀÇ 1Â÷ ¼ö½ÅÀÚ°¡ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù! ÀÌ°Ç ¿ª½Ã ¼º°æº»¹®ÀÌ Áõ°ÅÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¿ä, ½Å¾àÇÐÀÚµéÀÌ ´ëºÎºÐ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¹ÙÀÔ´Ï´Ù. °á±¹, <·Î¸¶½Ã³»ÀÇ ¾ÆÄþ¶ó Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸>°¡ <·Î¸¶¼ÀÇ ¼ö½ÅÀÚ>°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é °á±¹ ·Î¸¶½Ã ¾È¿¡´Â Àû¾îµµ 2°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ±³È¸°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â È®½ÇÇÑ Áõ°Å°¡ µË´Ï´Ù!
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. ¹Ù¿ïÀÇ ¾ÈºÎ¸¦ ÀüÇϵµ·Ï ºÎŹÀ» ¹Þ°í ÀÖ´Â ¡°·Î¸¶±³È¸¡±¿Í ±× ¾ÈºÎ¸¦ ¹Þ°Ô µÉ ¡°ºê¸®½º±æ¶ó¿Í ¾Æ±¼¶óÀÇ Áý¿¡ ¸ðÀÌ´Â ·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ±³È¸¡±...ÀÌ·¸°Ô Áö±Ý ¹Ù¿ï»çµµ´Â ¾ö¿¬È÷ ±¸ºÐÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¡®·Î¸¶½Ã¡±¿¡ Áö±Ý ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ µÎ °³ÀÇ ¡°±³È¸¡±°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¿ï»çµµÀÇ ÀÇ½Ä ¼Ó¿¡ ºÐ¸íÇÏ´Ù.
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À§ µÎ ÁÖÀåÀº ¿ä¾àÇϸé, 1) <·Î¸¶¼ÀÇ ¼ö½ÅÀεé>ÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ ·Î¸¶±³È¸, 2) ±×µéÀÌ ¹®¾ÈÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â <·Î¸¶½Ã³»¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¾ÆÄþ¶ó Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸µµ ¶Ç ÇϳªÀÇ ·Î¸¶±³È¸>ÀÌ´Ï ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ ·Î¸¶ ½Ã¿¡´Â µÎ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ·Î¸¶±³È¸µéÀÌÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
2. ÆúÀÇ ¹Ý¹Ú
ÀÌ·± ÁÖÀåÀº ¾ð¶æº¸¸é ¸Å¿ì Àϸ® ÀÖ°í ±×·²µíÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀÏ ¼öµµ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ·± ÁÖÀåÀº <·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¼ Çϳª´ÔÀÇ »ç¶ûÇϽÉÀ» ÀÔ°í ¼ºµµ·Î ºÎ¸£½ÉÀ» ÀÔÀº ¸ðµç ÀÚ¿¡°Ô(·Ò1:7)> º¸³½ ·Î¸¶¼ÀÇ ¼ö½ÅÀο¡ ¿Ö ·Î¸¶¿¡ »ç´Â ºê¸®½º±æ¶ó ¾ÆÄþ¶ó ºÎºÎ¿Í ±× Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸´Â Á¦¿ÜµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ Ÿ´çÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ Áõ°Å¸¦ Á¦½ÃÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ ¾àÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ·± Á¡À» Æ÷ÇÔÇؼ ¿Ö À§ ÁÖÀåÀÌ Å¸´çÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀºÁö¸¦ ¾Æ·¡¿¡ Á¦½ÃÇØ º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.
ù°, »çµµ ¹Ù¿ïÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡¼ ±×¸®ÇÑ °Íó·³(°íÀü1:2, °íÈÄ1;1, °¥1:2, »ìÀü1:1, »ìÈÄ1:1)·Î¸¶¼ÀÇ ¼ö½ÅÀÎÀ» <·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸(the church in Rome)>·Î ¸í½ÃÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.
»çµµ ¹Ù¿ïÀº <·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç Àڵ鿡°Ô(all who are in Rome)> ·Î¸¶¼¸¦ ½è½À´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù¿ïÀÌ <·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸¿¡°Ô> ¶ó´Â Ç¥ÇöÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ·Î¸¶¿¡ µÎ°³ ³»Áö ±× ÀÌ»óÀÇ ±³È¸°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â ÃßÃø°ú »ó»ó(supposition)Àº ¼º°æÀûÀÎ ±Ù°Å°¡ ÀüÇô¾ø´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ù¿ïÀº ±×°¡ ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ï´Â À̵鿡°Ô ±×¸®Çß´ø °Íó·³ ·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ï´Â À̵éÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ ±³È¸·Î¼ ÇÕ´çÇÏ°Ô ¼¼¿öÁø(established) °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿©±âÁö ¾Ê¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù. ·Î¸¶Àε鿡°Ô ÀÌ ¼½ÅÀ» º¸³½ ¸ñÀûÀº ÀÌ ¼½Å¼ÀÇ Ã³À½°ú ¸Ç ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ¹Ù¿ï¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ºÐ¸íÇÏ°Ô ¸í½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
·Î¸¶¼ 1Àå 11¿¡¼ ¹Ù¿ïÀº "³»°¡ ³ÊÈñ º¸±â¸¦ ½ÉÈ÷ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹«½¼ ½Å·ÉÇÑ Àº»ç¸¦ ³ÊÈñ¿¡°Ô ³ª´²ÁÖ¾î ³ÊÈñ¸¦ °ß°íÄÉ ÇÏ·Á ÇÔÀÌ´Ï"(...that you may be established). ¶ÇÇÑ ·Î¸¶¼ 16:25 ¿¡¼µµ ±×´Â "ÀÌÁ¦´Â ³ªÅ¸³ª½Å ¹Ù µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç ¿µ¿øÇϽŠÇϳª´ÔÀÇ ¸íÀ» ÁÀ¾Æ ¼±ÁöÀÚµéÀÇ ±Û·Î ¸»¹Ì¾Ï¾Æ ¸ðµç ¹ÎÁ·À¸·Î ¹Ï¾î ¼øÁ¾ÄÉ ÇϽ÷Á°í ¾Ë°Ô ÇϽŹ٠±× ºñ¹ÐÀÇ °è½Ã¸¦ ÁÀ¾Æ µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ï ÀÌ º¹À½À¸·Î ³ÊÈñ¸¦ ´ÉÈ÷ °ß°íÄÉ ÇÏ½Ç (....to establish you according to my gospel...).
±³È¸´Â ·Î¸¶¿¡¼ ÇÕ´çÇÏ°Ô establish µÇÁö ¾Ê¾Ò°í ±×·¡¼ »çµµ ¹Ù¿ïÀº ´Ù¾çÇÑ Áý¿¡¼ ¸ðÀÌ°í ÀÖ¾ú´ø ·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÖ´Â "¸ðµç"(all) ¼ºµµµéÀ» ¼·Î ¼·Î Á¢ÃËÇÏ°í ¾ÈºÎ¸¦ ³ª´©´Â »çÀÌ·Î À̲øµµ·Ï ·Î¸¶¼¸¦ ½è½À´Ï´Ù(·Ò16:3-16). ÀÌ ¼½Å¼ ÀÚü´Â °¢ÀÚ°¡ ¼·Î ¶³¾îÁ® ³ª´µ¾î ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ±×·ìµéÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó(rather than be divided into different group that stood apart from one another(·Ò16:17), ÇϳªµÊÀÇ ÅÍ À§¿¡ ¿©·¯ Áý ¸ðÀÓµé(the house meetings)À» ¼¼¿ï ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î ¾²¿©Á³½À´Ï´Ù(·Ò15:5-7)(ºÎ·Ï A ÂüÁ¶).
'ÀÌÁ¦ Àγ»¿Í ¾ÈÀ§ÀÇ Çϳª´ÔÀÌ ³ÊÈñ·Î ±×¸®½ºµµ ¿¹¼ö¸¦ º»¹Þ¾Æ ¼·Î ¶æÀÌ °°°Ô ÇÏ¿© ÁÖ»ç ÇÑ ¸¶À½°ú ÇÑ ÀÔÀ¸·Î Çϳª´Ô °ð ¿ì¸® ÁÖ ¿¹¼ö ±×¸®½ºµµÀÇ ¾Æ¹öÁö²² ¿µ±¤À» µ¹¸®°Ô ÇÏ·Á Çϳë¶ó ÀÌ·¯¹Ç·Î ±×¸®½ºµµ²²¼ ¿ì¸®¸¦ ¹Þ¾Æ Çϳª´Ô²² ¿µ±¤À» µ¹¸®½É°ú °°ÀÌ ³ÊÈñµµ ¼·Î ¹ÞÀ¸¶ó'(·Ò15:5-7)
µÑ°, ÇÁ¸®½ºÄþ¶ó ¾ÆÄþ¶óÀÇ Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸¸¦ ÇâÇÑ ¼ÒÀ§ '·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ±³È¸'(so-called "church in Rome")·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ¹®¾ÈÀλç´Â ·Î¸¶½Ã ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÇÑ ±³È¸°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ±³È¸¿¡°Ô ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
´ë½Å¿¡ ±×°ÍÀº 'It is all the saints greeting each other in a mutual way and composing the one church in Rome, which had one of its meetings in the house of Priscilla and Aquila." Frederick L. Godet´Â ±×ÀÇ °íÀüÀûÀÎ ÁÖ¼®¿¡¼ ·Î¸¶¼ 16:3-16¿¡ ´ëÇؼ ÀÌ·¸°Ô ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
" To the recommendation of Phoebe, the apostle joins a list of salutations, which might indeed still be called recommendations: for the imperative , greet, fifteen times repeated, is addressed to the whole church. It is, in fact, the church itself which he charges to transmit this mark of affection to its different objects. How was this commision carried out?
Probably, at the time when the letter was read in full assembly of the church, the president expressed to the person designated, in some way or other, the mark of distinctionwhich the apostle had bestowed on him (F. Godet, Commentary, On the Epistle to the Romans, Grand Rapids, Mich.: Zondervan, 1970, pp. 488-489).
¼Â°, Archibald Thomas Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Teatament, vol. 4, New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1931, p. 426 ¿¡ ±Ù°ÅÇÏ¿© ·Î¸¶¿¡ µÎ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ±³È¸°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ´Â °¡¼³Àº ·Î¹öÆ®½¼ÀÇ º»¹®À» Á¤È®È÷ ÀοëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¾ú½À´Ï´Ù.
·Î¹öÆ®½¼ÀÇ ÁÖ¼®Àº ·Î¸¶ ½Ã¿¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ±³È¸µéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇß¾ú´Ù´Â °¡¼³À» ÀÔÁõÇÏÁö ¸øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. At most, Robertson says, "the Roman Christians had probably several such home where they would meet." To have "several homes" in a city and to have "several churches" in a city are two different matters.(ÇÑ µµ½Ã¿¡ "¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ °¡Á¤(¸ðÀÓ)µé"À» °¡Á³´Ù´Â °Í°ú ÇÑ µµ½Ã¿¡ "¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ ±³È¸µé'À» °¡Á³´Ù´Â ¸»Àº µÎ °¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ ¹®Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.) Thus, to cite A. T. Robertson as supporting the idea of several independent churches in Rome is not accurate representation of the quated materal.
³Ý°, ¾Æ·¡ Çʸ³»þÇÁÀÇ ¾ð±ÞÀº ·Î¸¶½Ã¿¡ µÎ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ ±³È¸µéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇß´Ù´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.
" We have no reason to suppose that it was at once fully organized and consolidated into one community. The Christians were scattered all over the immense city [of Rome], and held their devotional meetings in different localities. The jewish and the Gentile converts may have formed distinct communities, or rather two sections of ane Christian community."
" ...In largeer cities, as in Rome, the Christian Community divided itself into several such assemblies at private houses, which, however, are always addressed in the epistles as a unit."
1) ù¹ø° Àο빮Àº '´ÜÁö ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ·Î¸¶¶ó´Â °Å´ëÇÑ µµ½Ã Àü¿ª¿¡ Èð¾îÁ® ÀÖ¾ú°í °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ °÷¿¡ ±×µéÀÇ ¹ÌÆÃÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù'´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇÏ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. Çʸ³ »þÇÁÀÇ ÀÌ·± °üÂûÀº ±×¸®½ºµµÀεéÀÌ ¸ðÀÌ´Â ¸¹Àº °¡Á¤µéÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â ·Î¸¶¼ 16ÀåÀÌ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¹Ù·Î ±×°Í°ú °°½À´Ï´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ 'À¯´ëÀΰú À̹æÀÎÀÇ È¸½ÉÀÚµéÀÌ may have formed distinct communities, or rather two sections of one Christian community."´Â ·Î¸¶¿¡ ÀÖ´Â »óȲ°ú °ü·ÃÇؼ »ç·Ê°¡ µÉ¸¸ÇÒ °Íµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »þÇÁÀÇ Á¦¾È(proposals)ÀÏ »ÓÀÔ´Ï´Ù. It surely doesn't prove the theory that "The form of the early Christian Church" was one of several independent churches within the one city of Rome.
2) µÎ¹ø° Àο빮Àº ·Î¸¶½Ã ¾È¿¡ ¿©·¯ °³ÀÇ ±³È¸µéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¿ÀÈ÷·Á ±× ¹Ý´ë »ç½ÇÀ» ¸»ÇØÁÖ´Â Áõ°ÅÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Çʸ³»þÇÁ°¡ ±× µµ½Ã ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¹Ï´Â À̵éÀ» "ÇϳªÀÇ ´ÜÀ§"(a unit)·Î ¹¦»çÇÑ °ÍÀº ºñ·Ï ±×µéÀÌ °¢±â ´Ù¸¥ ¿©·¯ °¡Á¤µé¿¡¼ ¸ðÀ̱ä ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±×µéÀÇ ¸Ó¸´ ¼Ó¿¡¼´Â ·Î¸¶¿¡´Â ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇϳªÀÇ ±³È¸¸¸ ÀÖ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ÀÖ¾úÀ½À» °¡¸®Åµ´Ï´Ù.
ÀÌÁ¦ ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÎ¿ë ¼Ò°³ÇÒ Çʸ³ »þÇÁÀÇ ±ÛÀº 1) °¢ ±³È¸¸¶´Ù ±× ±³È¸ÀÇ Àå·Î´ÜÀÇ Ä¡¸®¾Æ·¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù´Â »ç½ÇÀ» ÁöÁöÇÏ°í. 2) ·Î¸¶(¿¹·ç»ì·½)°°ÀÌ Å« µµ½Ã ¾È¿¡´Â º¹¼öÀÇ ±³È¸µéÀÌ ±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼ ±× Àüü¸¦ °¨µ¶ÇÏ´Â ´ÜÀÏ °¨µ¶Ã¼Á¦°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù(´Ü¼öÀÇ ±³È¸°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù)¶ó´Â ÁÖÀåÀ» ¹èôÇÏ°í 3) °¢°¢ÀÇ Áý ±³È¸µé(Áý ¿¡Å¬·¹½Ã¾Æ)ÀÌ µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÖÁö ¾Ê°í ÇϳªÀÇ À¯±âü(the organic union)·Î Á¸ÀçÇß´Ù´Â ÀúÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ» µÞ ¹Þħ ÇØÁÖ°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.(¹ø¿ª»óÀÇ ½Ç¼ö °¡´É¼ºµµ ÀÖ´ÂÁö¶ó ÀÏ´Ü ¿µ¾î ¿ø¹® ±×´ë·Î¸¦ ÀÌ°÷¿¡ ÀÎ¿ë ¼Ò°³µå·Á º¸°Ú½À´Ï´Ù.)
" After the pattern of the synagogues, as well as the ancient municipal governments, where the power was vested, aristocritically, in a seuate or colledge of decuriones, every church had a number of prebyters. They appear everywhere in the plural, and as a corperate body;- at Jerusalem, Acts 11:30, 15;4, 6, 23, 21:18, at Ephesus, 20:17, 28; at Philippi, phil 1:1, at the ordination of Timothy, 1 Tim 4:14, where mention is made of the laying on of the hands of the presbytery; and in the churches, to which James wrote, Jas 5;14 : "Is any sick among you? let him call for the presbyters of the congregation, and let them pray over him," &c. The same is implied also in the statement (Acts 14:23), that Paul and Barnabas ordained elders(secerl, of course) for every church, to ordain elders, that is a presbytery, in every city of Crete.(ÀÌ ´ë¸ñÀº ºúÁøÀÚ ´ÔÀÇ Àå·Î°¡ ¾ø¾îµµ ±³È¸¶ó´Â ÁÖÀå°ú »ó¹ÝµË´Ï´Ù).
Some scholars have imagined, indeed, that in the larger cities there werw several churches, with only one presbyter or bishop to each; that, consequently, the government of congregations was from the first in principle, not democratic, nor aristocratic, but monarchchical. But this atomic theory of a multitude of independented churches is refuted by the passages just quoted, in which the prebyters appear as a college ; and by the tendency towarda organized association , which enter into the very life of Christians from the beginning. The household churches frequently mentioned and greeted, indicate merely the fact, that the Christians, where they had very become very numerous and live far apart, as in Rome particularly ( the population of which theu exceeded that of Paris now) , were accustomed to meet for edification at different places. Such an arrangement was perfectly conssistent with the organic union of these congregation as one whole, under the superintendence of a common prebytery. Hence, also, the apostolical epistles are never addressed to a separate part of the congregation, and ecclesiola in eccesia, a conventicle, but always to the whole body of Christians at Rome, at Corinth, at Ephesus, at Philippi, at Thessalonica, &c. as one moral Person. (ÀÌ ´ë¸ñÀº ¿¹·ç»ì·½ ±³È¸ ¾È¿¡ ÇϺÎÁ¶Á÷À¸·Î¼ÀÇ ¼ö ¸¹Àº Áý ±³È¸µéÀÌ ÀÖ°í ±×°ÍµéÀ» ´Ù Æ÷°ýÇÏ´Â ¿¹·ç»ì·½ ±³È¸µµ Àִٴ Ȧ¸®Á¶ÀÌ´ÔÀÇ ÁÖÀå°ú »ó¹ÝµË´Ï´Ù.)
Wether now a perfect parity reigned among these collegiate prebyters; or one, say the oldst, constantly presided over the rest; or, fially, one followed another in the presidency, as primus inter pares, by some kind of rotation, The New Testament gives us no information, unless we find it in the apocalyptic angels, of whom we shall speak more particularly hereafter. The analogy of the Jewish synagogues leads to no certain result, since it is disputed wether there was a particular presidency, an office of archi-synagogos properly so-called, in these as early as the time of Christ. Respecting the Roman municipal-system, on the contrary, we know, that in the senates of the cities out of Italy one of the decurions, the eldest, acted as president under the title principals. Some sort of presidency is certainly indispensible in a well-organized government and in the regular transaction of business, and thus must be neither the Acts of the Apostles, nor Paul's, nor the catholic epistles, give us any information respecting it, we have no means of determining its particular form. In the nature of the case also the presbyters must have distributed the various duties of their office among themselves, so as to avoid promiseuoas interference and confusion."
(Philip Schaff, History of the Apostolic Church, translated by Edward D. Yeomans, New York: Chales Scrkbner, 1856, pp. 526-528)
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